In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well combined.

In a separate bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, eggs, melted butter, and vanilla extract until smooth.

Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and gently fold together with a spatula until just combined. The batter should be slightly lumpy; do not overmix.

Let the batter rest for 5 minutes while you heat the griddle. This allows the baking powder to activate for extra fluffy pancakes.

Heat a griddle or large skillet over medium heat and lightly grease with butter or cooking spray.

Pour 1/4 cup of batter onto the griddle for each pancake. Cook until bubbles form on the surface and the edges look set, about 2-3 minutes. Flip and cook until golden brown on the other side, another 1-2 minutes.

Transfer cooked pancakes to a plate and keep warm. Repeat with remaining batter. Serve immediately with butter and maple syrup.