Heat a large pot over medium heat and add olive oil. Sauté the diced onion and garlic until soft, about 3-4 minutes.
Add the ground beef to the pot and cook until it's browned, breaking it apart with a wooden spoon.
Stir in the chili powder, cumin, cayenne pepper, salt, and black pepper, coating the beef evenly with the spices.
Pour in the diced tomatoes, black beans, beef broth, and corn. Stir to combine.
Bring the chili to a simmer, reduce heat to low, and let it cook uncovered for about 20 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Finish with lime juice, stir well, and adjust seasoning as necessary. Serve hot.